AN ARTICLE ON من دون اللہ
HAROON UR RASHEED
BAHAUDDIN ZAKRIYA UNIVERSITY MULTAN
BS. HONS ISLAMIC STUDIES:
Contents:
| 1.0 | A note from Author | 1 |
| 1.1 | Abstract | 1 |
| 1.2 | Arabic grammar | 2 |
| 1.3 | According to Raghib Isfahani’s book | 2 |
| 2.0 | Different scholars | 2 |
| 2.1 | Other meanings of من دون اللہ | 2 |
| 2.2 | Quran Dictionary – د و ن | 3 |
| 2.3 | Qur’anic point of view | 3 |
| 3.0 | Explanations | 3 |
| 3.1 | The true meaning of min doon-e-Allah | 3 |
| 3.2 | مِن دُونِ اللَّه یا مِن دُونِهِ | 4 |
| 3.3 | The correct pronunciation of min duon-e-Allah | 4 |
| 4.0 | Min duon-e-Allah” has been used in the Holy Quran | 5 |
| 4.1 | Conclusion | 5 |
| 4.2 | Reference here | 6 |
A NOTE FROM AUTHOR:
This work is done based on teamwork; everyone has put the efforts to make things easier to understand Quran in its own environment. May Allah accept it from us and forgive us for any mistakes.
Abstract:
We all have been a part of traditional learning when it comes to Qur’an, Hadith, Seerat or Sunnah. But as we go through Qur’an it emphasizes a lot on تفقه في الدين, “Ponder upon religion”. When we say الدين, it means “a way/path/code” or “day”, linguistically. Here, ponder is also referred to see things deeply and logically. Put short, Allah is asking us all to develop a sense of logical reasoning and for that we should see which meaning is more applicable and closer to that era. So, we as team members did this research based on linguistic studies, existing translations from traditional to contemporary so we could meet the minimum standards required to translate and transliterate Quran through Quran.
The pattern used for research is as mentioned above.
An articles of من دون اللہ:
Arabic grammar: منصوب دون ظرف مکان
من حرف جارہ اور دون مجرور ہے۔
Real meanings of this word according to all scholar: Except Allah, Besides Allah.
The correct meaning of Min Dun Allah:
The meaning and meaning of min dun-e-Allah. Min dun-I-Allah-I” is not a specific Qur’anic term as commonly understood. According to the Arabic dictionary, the substantive of the verb دانَ يدون is duna, دونَwhich means weakness, contempt, weakness, lowliness, and meanness. In everyday conversation, the Arabs express the contempt and meanness of someone like this: “Saar Dunna Khasisa” صَارَ دُوْناً خَسِيْساً‘that such and such a person has become Dunn, that is, mean and lowly.
According to Raghib Isfahani’s book, the translation of this word will be: A person who is unable to do any work due to his weakness is also called a Doon. يقال للقاصر عن الشيئی دُون
Different scholars do not mean it because they take it as a superlative, although it is not.
دون meaning to collect or to write down, to compile and arrange,
Hence, the active noun is Diwan دیوان, which means the writer,
Other meanings of من دونِ
1. Out of contempt for the Creator. 2. By belittling the Creator
3. By reducing the importance of the creator. 4. By lowering the creator
Other meanings of من دون اللہ is If something is small, insignificant and light compared to something, then it is also called duna.
Explanation:
Quranic Grammar:
The sixteenth word of verse (2:23) is a noun in the genitive case (مجرور). The noun’s trilateral root is dāl wāw nūn (د و ن).
Quran Dictionary – د و ن
The trilateral root dāl wāw nūn (د و ن) occurs 144 times in the Quran as the nominal dūn (دُون). The translations below are brief glosses intended as a guide to meaning. An Arabic word may have a range of meanings depending on context.
We see it from the Qur’anic point of view.
(2:23) وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ۔
Sahih International: And if you are in doubt about what we have sent down upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a Surah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful.
And if you were in doubt about what we have made accessible (comprehensible) upon our wayfarer (Muhammad), then bring forth a surah from the likes of him (Allah), and invite your witnesses whom you took as intermediaries to Allah, if you are truthful. (2:23))Dr Hany)
اور اگر تم کو اس کتاب میں جو ہم نے اپنے بندے پر پیش کی ہے، کوئی شک ہے تو اپنے ساتھیوں کو بلاؤ اور قوانین قدرت کے علاوہ کسی ایک حکم کے مثل لے آؤ اگر کہ تم سچ کر دکھانے والے ہو۔(ڈاکٹر قمر زماں)
(4:48) وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ۔
And He forgives for what He wills less than that (whatever sin it may be).
Explanations: Min Dunun-i-Allah is used in everyday conversation in the sense of “other than Allah”. In the Holy Qur’an, the words “min dun-e-Allah من دون اللہ” or “min dun-e-hi” have been used for their false Gods in the context of the negation of polytheism and falsehood of the infidels and polytheists. Being non-God is proved, but their real status i.e. godlessness is also determined. It is as if the purpose of the words of Min Dun-e-Allahمن دون اللہ is to destroy the polytheistic beliefs and superstitions of the infidels and polytheists and to make them believe that their false gods are so worthless that they cannot be the cause of any kind of profit or loss. The true meaning of min doon-e-Allah. Wherever min duon-e-Allah or its similar words are mentioned in the Holy Quran, it is meant to reject the false beliefs and ideas of the infidels and polytheists and to express the worthlessness of false gods. Basically, these words mean the following matters.
*False beliefs and ideas.* Denial of divinity from everyone except Allah.
*False gods.* the worthlessness of false gods.
*Address to the disbelievers and polytheists.
In the Divine Word, Min Dunun-i-Allah is not addressed to the people of faith, but to the people of disbelief, polytheists and their gods and false gods that they used to worship. Min Dunun-i-Allah does not mean the chosen prophets and messengers of Allah, peace be upon them, nor the peacemakers and saints who have been blessed with the honor of acceptance and the position of closeness and popularity in the court of Yazd’s. They are not mentioned in this paragraph in the Holy Quran. People of faith do not consider them as partners of God or as their gods. If such a thing has been said about Hazrat Isa (peace be upon him) and Hazrat Maryam (peace be upon him) in any place in the mention of the Christians, then it is only because they committed clear shirk by considering both the chosen beings as God and the Son of God. Was Upon which Hazrat Isa (peace be upon him) will be asked about this matter.
أَأَنتَ قُلتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَـهَيْنِ مِن دُونِ اللّهِ. (المائدۃ، 5 : 116)
Did you tell the people to make me and my mother two gods besides Allah?
Prophets and Saints are not examples of “Min Dun-e-Allah.
: مِن دُونِ اللَّه یا مِن دُونِهِ
Such words are applied to ordinary things according to their meaning and their meaning is taken to mean other than God. Here the meaning of “ungodly” carries a clear indication that everything is ungodly which leads away from God. It is a cause of denial of God and disbelief and shirk and does not have any rank or rank in the sight of God, rather it is simply worthless and dishonorable in the sight of God. As far as the prophets and messengers, the saints and mystics, the perfect believers and the popular and chosen servants of God are concerned, they are considered close and beloved in the Yazd court. They cannot be ordered to be “in the name of Allah”, Allah says in different verses about Noah and Abraham:
(37:81).إِنَّهُۥمِنۡ عِبَادِنَا ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
Indeed, they are among our (perfect) believing servants.
Therefore, words such as min duon-I-Allah-I, the meaning of which is derived from Allah Almighty, are not literal, verbal and verbal, but in terms of command, meaning and meaning. In other words, what is meant by God’s non-being is that which is non-being in terms of love and alienation in terms of incommensurability and non-relationship. For this reason, if someone ignores the Prophets and the Righteous and applies Min Dun-i-Allah to them, then he is not only mocking the teachings of the Qur’an, but he is openly mocking the words of the Lord Almighty. Denial too.
The correct pronunciation of min duon-e-Allah. The literal meaning of “Min duon-i-Allah” is “besides Allah”, but everywhere its scope and meaning must be determined with reference to the context. When we talk about non-existence in the chapter of monotheism and polytheism, it means non-existence in the literal sense. In it, everything else is created except for the essence of God, His attributes, actions and names, and He is called God.
“Min duon-e-Allah” has been used in the Holy Quran in the following three meanings.
- False Gods are from Allah. In many places in the Holy Qur’an, the alleged false gods of the infidels and polytheists (Isnam, اصنام Uthan اوثان and Tawagheet) طواغیت have been called “Min Dunun-I-Allah.” As Allah said in the Qur’an.
وَلَا تَسُبُّواْ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ فَيَسُبُّواْ ٱللَّهَ عَدۡوَۢا بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖۗ.(6:108
Translations: And (O Muslims!) do not abuse those (false gods) whom they (polytheists) worship besides Allah. Then those people (also in response) will begin to blaspheme the glory of Allah while doing injustice due to ignorance.
(2)Considering non-Allah as deserving of worship will be counted under “Min Dunun-e-Allah. In the verses of the Holy Qur’an that mention worship, divinity and worship, the Prophets, saints, angels, and close ones are included in “Min Dun-e-Allah” because worship is only for Allah, the Most High, and for the merit of worship, Allah is the only one. Everything is different. Therefore, this is the second application of Min Dunoon-e-Allah, which is subject to worship and divinity. For example, Allah Ta’ala described the same false behavior of Jews and Christians in the Qur’an.
ٱتَّخَذُوٓاْ أَحۡبَارَهُمۡ وَرُهۡبَٰنَهُمۡ أَرۡبَابٗا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡمَسِيحَ ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓاْ إِلَّا لِيَعۡبُدُوٓاْ إِلَٰهٗا وَٰحِدٗاۖ لَّآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۚ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ. (9:31)
Translations: They took their scholars and ascetics as lords besides Allah, and the Messiah, the son of Mary (peace be upon them) even though they were not commanded to worship one (one) god except Him. He who has no god but He is free from those whom they associate.
(3) Recognizing the phenomena of nature as God will be counted under “Min doon-I-Allah. At many places in the Holy Qur’an, “min duon-e-Allah” is used for the sun, stars, jinn and devils. In earlier nations, the practice of worshiping the phenomena of nature was common. The Holy Qur’an, while condemning their actions, has called these false gods “min duon-e-Allah. As Allah said in the Qur’an.
وَجَدتُّهَا وَقَوۡمَهَا يَسۡجُدُونَ لِلشَّمۡسِ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ. (27:24)
Translations: I found him and his people worshiping the sun instead of Allah.
Conclusion: Min Dunun-e-Allah does not include the Prophets, the Saints, the peacemakers, and the close ones. Some people, in their fabricated concept of monotheism, made “min duon-I-Allah” a permanent term and wherever it was mentioned, some were included in it and some were excluded from it without understanding the context. However, the fact is that looking at the context of “Min duon-i-Allah” in the Holy Qur’an shows that it has nothing to do with the above-mentioned things, it only comes to reject shirk and negate the privilege of worship.
Reference here: